Routing: Local & Static

Local Routes - these are directly connected networks and are learned when the interfaces are configured; "C" =connected route

         sh ip route 

C 10.0.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet 0/0  (displays the network)

L  10.0.0.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet 0/0 (displays the IP address)

Static Routes - manually input routes to networks not directly connected.

R1(config t)#ip route 10.1.0.0  255.255.255.0  10.0.0.2
                 #ip route 10.1.1.0  255.255.255.0  10.0.0.2 
                 #ip route 10.1.2.0  255.255.255.0  10.0.0.2 <--the adjacent hop that is directly connected)

Route Summarization  (for static routing) reduces administrative overhead and memory usage.

       R1(config)# Ip route   10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.0.0.2 (this is huge addresses to summarize)

    To tighten, summarize this range of 10.1.0.0  to  10.1.3.0 (subnet the third octet)

       R1(config)# ip route  10.1.0.0  255.255.252.0  10.0.0.2

Longest Prefix Match (subnet mask) - if a destination address matches more than one routing path, the router will always choose the most specific route.
   R1 /# ip route  10.1.0.0  255.255.0.0      10.0.0.2  (this covers all networks)
   R1 /# ip route  10.1.3.0  255.255.255.0  10.0.3.2  (more specific for the 10.1.3 network)

Load Balancing - if there are matching routes with difference paths, the router will load balance the traffic.

R1# ip route  10.1.0.0   255.255.255.0  10.0.0.2

R1# ip route  10.1.0.0   255.255.255.0  10.0.3.2 

Default Route (Gateway of Last Resort) -  205.5.42 <-- internet connection
   R1 /# ip route  10.1.0.0  255.255.0.0      10.0.0.2  (this covers all known networks)
   R1 /# ip route  10.1.3.0  255.255.255.0  10.0.3.2  (more specific for 10.1.3 network)
   R1 /# ip route  0.0.0.0    0.0.0.0             205.5.4.2 (captures every else)

Note: routers Ping command always uses the  exit interface, so to "ping" from another interface - use the "extended ping" -->router# ping   or   router# traceroute