Hubs
- Operate in half-duplex
- All host share the same collision domain - only one device can talk at a time
- Hosts us Carrier-Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
- Operate on layer 1, and not MAC address aware
Switch
- Operate in Full-duplex or half-duplex
- All hosts have their own dedicated collision domain
- Collision Detection is not required
- Operate on Layer 2; are MAC aware and build tables for directing frames
Router
- Route traffic between different networks (Layer 3)
- Also, operate at Layer 2 and 1 and aware up to Layer 7
- Interfaces types such as Ethernet, Serial, ISDN, ADSL, etc.
- Do not by default forward broadcast traffic like switches
Layer 3 Switch
- Advance switches are layer 3 aware and can route traffic between subnets
- Usually, only support Ethernet interfaces and have more ports than a router
Security
- Cisco ASA - Adaptive Security Appliance) Firewalls
- Cisco SourceFire FirePower IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) purchased as an applicate or ASA add-on module
Wireless
- Wireless LAN controllers and APs
Collaboration
- Cisco Unified Communications Manager, IP Phones, TelePresence, WebEx
Data Center
- Cisco UCS (Unified Computer System) - blade server
- Nexus Switches
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