Sunday, December 8, 2019

Layer 3 (Chocolate)

Layer 3 is pretty sweet, and the major TCP/IP Suite protocols are IP,  ICMP, and IPSec.

IP  (Internet Protocol)
  • For routing of packets and Quality of Service (giving some packets preferential treatment)
  • It is a connectionless protocol with no acknowledgments at Layer 3
  • Logical addressing via IPv4 and IPv6;  dividing the network (subnetting) provides better performance, security, and makes troubleshooting easier
  • Layer 2 uses MAC addresses that are one big flat addressing scheme
  • Types of traffic are Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast

IP Addressing Formate
  • Binary counting with (4) 8 bit,  dotted decimal octets = 32 bits total 
  •  ex 192.168.10.15  =  11000000.10101000.00001010.00001111
  • The Subnet Mast defines what portion of the IP Address is the network address (all 1s) and what portion is the host address (all 0s)


  • All 0's in the host portion designate the network address, and can not be assigned to a host. ex 192.168.10.0
  • All 1's in the host portion designate the broadcast address of the subnet, and traffic with this destination address will be sent to all hosts in the subnet. 192.168.10.255; this address can not be assigned to a host
  • Subnet Mast in Slash Notation above would be 192.168.10.15 /24 for the host, and 192.168.10.0 /24 for the Network Address


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